作者:哈密瓜
论坛:http://www.linuxtone.org (IT运维专家网|集群架构|性能调优)
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文档时间:2010-01-22 21:00
FreeBSD简介：
FreeBSD是一种自由类Unix操作系统，是由经过BSD、386BSD和4.4BSD发展而来的类Unix的一个重要分支。FreeBSD拥有超过200名活跃开发者和上千名贡献者。
FreeBSD被认为是自由操作系统中的不知名的巨人。它不是Unix，但如Unix一样运行，具有兼容Unix的系统API。作为一个操作系统，FreeBSD被认为相当稳建可靠。
FreeBSD是以一个完善的操作系统的定位来做开发。其内核、驱动程序以及所有的用户层（Userland）应用程序（比方说是Shell）均由同一源代码版本控制系统保存（目前使用Subversion并与CVS兼容）。相较于另一知名的的操作系统Linux，其内核为一组开发人员设计，而用户应用程序则交由他人开发（例如GNU计划），最后再由其他团体集成并包装成Linux包。
FreeBSD默认是无桌面环境的命令行界面，想要使用桌面环境必须自行安装，或是使用PC-BSD之类的桌面发行版。
一． 安装准备：
1.1、操作系统安装：
参见http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-6422-1-1.html附件
补充：配置sshd让root登陆
# vi /etc/rc.d/sshd
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修改下面选项为如下：
PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
UseDNS no
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1.2、平台环境：
FreeBSD- 8.0-RELEASE_i386
nginx-0.8.38
php-5.2.13
php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.14
mysql-5.1.46
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1.3、系统分区：
/ 40G
swap 4GB
/var 5GB
/tmp 5MB
/data 剩余所有分区
注：具体分区请根据相关业务划分
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1.4、系统约定：
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置 /data/mysql/data（可按情况设置）
网站根目录 /data/www/wwwroot（可按情况设置）
虚拟主机日志根目录 /data/logs（可按情况设置）
Nginx运行账户 www:www
install_software_name.sh //存放编译参数脚本习惯将所有编译脚本存放在install_software_name.sh便于升级和更新软件
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1.5、定时校正服务器时钟，定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
#crontab ?e
15 3 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
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1.6、下载软件包：
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.02.tar.gz
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.8.37.tar.gz
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.46.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz/download
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz/download
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz/download
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.2.13.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
wget http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/bsder/ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-freebsd6.0-i386.tar.gz
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1.7、利用ports安装基本包
1.7.1安装wget
# cd /usr/ports/ftp/wget
#make install clean
复制代码#在出现的对话框中去掉IPV6前面的选择
#接下来对话框全部默认皆可
刚刚安装完后，wget并未能使用，需要执行下面的命令后方可生效。
#rehash
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1.7.2安装其他基本的软件包(出现对话框默认皆可)
1.7.2.1
#cd /usr/ports/textproc/libxml2
make install clean
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#/usr/ports/ftp/curl
make install clean
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#/usr/ports/graphics/jpeg
make install clean
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#/usr/ports/graphics/png
make install clean
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#/usr/ports/print/freetype2
make install clean
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1.7.2.6
#/usr/ports/net/openldap24-server
make install clean
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1.7.2.7
#/usr/ports/devel/autoconf262
make install clean
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二．编译安装
2.1、pcre安装配置：
#tar zvxf pcre-8.02.tar.gz
#./configure && make && make install
2.2、nginx安装配置：
#tar zvxf nginx-0.8.37.tar.gz
#vi init_nginx.sh
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"--user=www" \
"--group=www" \
"--prefix=/usr/local/nginx/" \
"--with-http_stub_status_module" \
"--with-http_ssl_module" \
"--with-md5=/usr/lib" \
"--with-sha1=/usr/lib"
make
make install
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2.3、mysql安装配置：
#tar zvxf mysql-5.1.46.tar.gz
#vi init_mysql.sh
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./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-server-suffix=-Linuxtone.Org" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--with-charset=utf8" \
"--with-collation=utf8_chinese_ci" \
"--with-collation=utf8_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=complex" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-readline" \
"--with-ssl" \
"--with-embedded-server" \
"--enable-local-infile" \
"--with-plugins=innobase"
make
make install
pw useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
rm -f /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
cd /etc
wget http://www.caifw.com/api/my.cnf
sed -i '50 s/^/#/' /etc/my.cnf
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/mysqld
/etc/rc.d/mysqld start
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/
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2.4、安装php相关的lib及扩展模块
2.4.1 libiconv-1.13
#tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
#cd libiconv-1.13
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
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#tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
#ldconfig
#cd libltdl/
#./configure --enable-ltdl-install
#make && make install
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2.4.3 mhash-0.9.9.9
#tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
#cd mhash-0.9.9.9
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
#ldconfig
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#tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
#cd mcrypt-2.6.8
#cd src
#vi rfc2440.c
复制代码FreeBSD与Linux的不同点，造成需要对 mcrypt 的源码进行一下小小的修改，才能在FreeBSD下编译通过。将其中的
#include <malloc.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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编译：
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make&& make install
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2.5 安装php与php-fpm
#tar zvxf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
#gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
#vi init_php.sh
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"--prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi" \
"--enable-fastcgi" \
"--enable-fpm" \
"--enable-discard-path" \
"--enable-force-cgi-redirect" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-gd" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--with-libxml-dir" \
"--with-curl" \
"--with-curlwrappers" \
"--with-openssl" \
"--with-mhash" \
"--with-xmlrpc" \
"--with-mcrypt" \
"--with-ldap" \
"--with-ldap-sasl" \
"--enable-xml" \
"--disable-rpath" \
"--enable-discard-path" \
"--enable-safe-mode" \
"--enable-bcmath" \
"--enable-shmop" \
"--enable-sysvsem" \
"--enable-inline-optimization" \
"--enable-mbregex" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-pcntl" \
"--enable-sockets" \
"--enable-zip" \
"--disable-debug" \
"--disable-ipv6"
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini
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2.6.1 memcache-2.2.5
#tar zvxf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
#cd memcache-2.2.5
#/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config
#make && make install
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2.6.2 eaccelerator-0.9.6
#tar jvxf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
#cd eaccelerator-0.9.6
#/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config
#make && make install
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2.6.3 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2
#tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
#cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2
#/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
#make && make install
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2.6.4 ImageMagick
#tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
#cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
#./configure --enable-shared --with-modules --without-x --with-gs-font-dir=default --with-perl=yes --with-xml=yes --with-zlib=yes --with-jpeg=yes
#make && make install
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2.6.5 imagick-2.2.2
#tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
#cd imagick-2.2.2/
#/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config
#make
#make install
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2.7 配置php.ini
# sh init_php.ini
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#!/bin/bash
fcgi_cf="/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini"
ea(){
cat << EOF
[eAccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php-fcgi/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="32"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/data/cache/ea"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
EOF
}
#mkdir
mkdir -p /data/cache/ea
ea >> $fcgi_cf
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再修改如下项：
;open_basedir =
disable_functions =
expose_php = _disibledevent=>
display_errors = _disibledevent=>
output_buffering = Off
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修改为：
open_basedir = /data/www/wwwroot:/tmp
disable_functions = phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
display_errors = Off
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php-fcgi/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
extension = "ffmpeg.so"
output_buffering = _disibledevent=>
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log /data/www/logs/access.log main;
access_log /dev/null;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#
proxy_temp_path /dev/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /dev/fastcgi_temp;
client_body_temp_path /dev/client_body_temp;
#client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp 1 2;
#proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp 1 2;
#fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp 1 2;
#upstream
# upstream bbs.linuxtone.org {
# ip_hash;
# server 127.0.0.1:8080;
# server 61.164.122.252:8080;
# server 220.189.245.68;
#}
# The following includes are specified for virtual hosts
#www.linuxtone.org
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.linuxtone.org.conf;
#for example just for study! have fun!
#include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf_example/*.conf ;
}
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四、加入开机启动：
打开/etc/rc.local，如果不存在的话，就新建一个，输入以下内容：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/etc/rc.d/mysqld start
/usr/local/php-fcgi/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbnin/nginx
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